论大学生中医药文化自信教育

中医药文化自信是中华民族文化自信的重要组成部分。中医药的创新与转化是中医药文化自信的持续动力源泉。培养中医药文化自信是新时代立德树人根本任务的重要抓手、人才培养的首要任务、党的政治建设的具体体现，是高校的职能、教师的责任和大学生的本分。新时代需要培养大学生的中医药文化自觉，形成大学生的中医药文化认同，树立乃至坚定大学生的中医药文化自信。中医药文化价值取向和中医思维是中医药文化自信的主导与内核，是达成中医药文化自信最重要、最核心的组成要素。高校应以中医药文化价值取向为目标，以中医思维培养为关键，积极有效地探讨大学生中医药文化自信教育的多样化路径和方法。     

40岁以上高龄女性体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局分析

目的：探讨40岁以上高龄女性体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）的妊娠结局，旨在为高龄女性提供生育咨询以及为改善高龄女性个体化辅助生殖治疗结局提供临床依据。方法：选择我院生殖中心2015年1月—2017年12月女方年龄≥40岁且使用自身卵子行体外受精的共2 467个治疗周期资料，对各项临床数据进行回顾性分析。结果：40岁及以上行辅助生殖治疗的患者，随着女性年龄增加获卵数明显减少（40～48岁女性平均获卵数分别为2.97、 2.69、2.17、2.01、1.77、1.61、1.68、1.29和1.00，44～48岁与40～43岁依次组间比较均P＜0.05），尤其是44岁以上女性胚胎发育潜能明显降低（40～48岁囊胚形成率分别为48.90%、43.72%、33.67%、34.29%、24.39%、21.14%、26.32%、16.67%和0%，44～48岁与40～43岁组间依次比较均P＜0.05）。共有518个周期行新鲜胚胎移植，结果显示，随女性年龄增加，临床妊娠率（40～48岁临床妊娠率分别为26.92%、21.15%、20.79%、10.96%、18.87%、11.11%、5.88%、0%和0%，43～48岁与40～42岁组间依次比较均P＜0.05）、种植率（40～48岁种植率分别为23.65%、19.51%、17.70%、8.54%、7.49%、10.81%、5.56%、0%和0%，43～48岁与40～42岁组间依次比较均P＜0.05）和活产率均显著降低（40～46岁活产率分别为18.46%、10.58%、9.90%、5.48%、5.66%、2.78%和5.88%，43～46岁与40～42岁组间依次比较均P＜0.05），43岁以上者结局更差。44岁以上女性自然流产率明显增高（40～45岁流产率分别为31.43%、50.00%、52.38%、50.00%、70.00%和75.00%，44～45岁与40～43岁组间依次比较均P＜0.05）。46岁女性仅1例妊娠并分娩，47岁和48岁女性均无成功妊娠。与抗苗勒管激素（AMH）＞1.0 ng/mL组相比，AMH≤1.0 ng/mL组妊娠率、种植率及活产率均显著下降（27.04% vs. 14.74%，22.99% vs. 13.50%，15.88% vs. 7.37%；均P＜0.05），流产率明显升高（41.27% vs. 50.00%，P＜0.05）。结论：≥40岁高龄女性随年龄增长生育力逐渐降低。40～43岁年龄段女性助孕仍有一定的价值，尤其是卵巢仍有一定储备者（AMH＞1.0 ng/mL），但44岁以上女性原则上不再建议ART助孕，对于46岁以上卵巢功能衰竭的女性强烈建议卵子捐赠或收养。     

Uso de la anticoncepción con solo gestágenos en atención primaria: estudio GESTAGAP

AimTo estimate the prevalence of use of progestin-only contraceptive among women who request reversible contraception in Primary Care (PC).DesignMulticentre cross-sectional study.SettingPrimary Care Health Care Centres (Madrid).ParticipantsWomen aged 16-50 years old, users of reversible contraception, who speak Spanish, and had attended the Primary Care Centre in the last year.Main measurementsPrimary outcome: contraceptive method used: Contraception with progestins-only (yes/no). Age, parity, country of origin, type of contraceptive method used, reason for choice, source of information, satisfaction with the contraceptive method. Telephone survey.ResultsA total of 417 women were interviewed. The median age was 30.3 years (SD: 7.7). Spanish 69%, and 82% of participants had secondary or university studies. More than half (57%) were nulliparous. The type of contraceptive used included: progestins only: 14%, combined hormonal contraceptive: 74%, copper IUD: 2%, and condom 10%. The prevalence of use of “progestins-only” was 13.9% (95% CI: 10.6-17.2). Medroxyprogesterone acetate injection was the most progestin-only method used (4.6%), desogestrel oral pill (4.1%), IUD-levonorgestrel IUD (3.9%), and etonogestrel subdermal implant (1.9%). The family doctor was the prescriber in 71% of the women. Satisfaction: high (range 9-10). Using only progestogens was associated with older age, being non-Spanish, breastfeeding, and having a medical contraindication for combined contraception (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of use for progestins was 14%, satisfaction was very high for all contraceptive methods. The user profile for the only progestins-only corresponds to older, and non-Spanish women with conditions such as breastfeeding or contraindications for other contraceptives.     

Continuing education in the child health handbook: an educational software for primary care1

ObjectiveTo present, the process of development and evaluation of an educational software on the Child Health Handbook proposed for the continuing education of primary care nurses and physicians.MethodsQuantitative study of methodological development. For software development, the following steps were followed: definition of objectives; determination of the target audience; choice of pedagogical and theoretical reference for content; content selection and structuring; software development and evaluation by experts (five nurses and four physicians). All responded to an instrument that included four domains: pedagogical; content; functionality; system presentation and usability. The evaluation criteria were arranged on a Likert-type scale. The percentage of agreement and Content Validity Index were used for the quantitative analysis of the degree of agreement, considering a Content Validity Index cutoff point equal to 0.80.ResultsThe overall agreement index, calculated by the arithmetic mean of the Contents Validity Index of the evaluated domains, was 0.96, with scores ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. The average percentage of agreement of the experts per domain was 92.86%, with lower agreement in the content (80.95%), presentation, and usability (90.48%) domains. 100% of percentage of agreement was observed in the pedagogical and functionality domains among the evaluated specialists.ConclusionThe percentage of agreement, Content Validity Index and overall agreement index of the Child Health Handbook educational software in the context of primary care disclosed the software adequacy as an educational resource for continuing education of primary care nurses and physicians. Considering the assessed dimensions, it can also be used by other health professionals and undergraduate students.     

基于巴塞罗那分期与香港分期肝细胞肝癌患者不同治疗方案生存率的比较

 目的 比较接受巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期系统（BCLC）或香港的分期系统（HKLC）推荐治疗方案对肝细胞肝癌（HCC）患者生存率的影响。方法 回顾性分析436例初治肝癌患者的临床资料，根据HKLC和BCLC进行肿瘤分期，按是否最终接受两个分期系统推荐的治疗方案分组。比较患者是否接受BCLC或HKLC分期推荐方案治疗对生存率的影响，并评估拒绝BCLC或HKLC推荐方案对预后可能产生的影响。 结果 接受BCLC推荐治疗方案的患者5年生存率显著高于拒绝推荐治疗方案的患者（48% vs. 30%, P<0.001）。与拒绝推荐治疗方案的患者相比，接受HKLC推荐治疗方案的患者亦有较高的5年生存率（41% vs. 29%, P<0.001）。对BCLC和HKLC交叉亚组分析，BCLC-B/HKLC-Ⅰ+Ⅱa+Ⅱb、BCLC-B/HKLC-Ⅲa+Ⅲb和BCLC-C/HKLC-Ⅲa+Ⅲb亚组中，接受手术切除的HCC患者显著高于接受TACE、索拉非尼或最佳支持治疗的患者5年生存率均较高（均P<0.05）。 结论 接受BCLC和HKLC分期系统推荐治疗方案可以提高HCC患者的存活率，但对于中晚期肝癌患者指导作用减弱。部分BCLC-B/HKLC-Ⅰ+Ⅱa+Ⅱb、BCLC-B/HKLC-Ⅲa+Ⅲb和BCLC-C/HKLC-Ⅲa+Ⅲb的患者通过积极的根治性治疗可以获得更好的生存。     

Factors influencing communication of traditional Chinese medicine use between patients and doctors: A multisite cross-sectional study

ObjectiveIn Singapore, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) alongside Western medicine (WM) is common. There are risks of adverse herb-drug interactions when taken concurrently. Current literature suggests that TCM use is not regularly reported to WM doctors in Singapore, but the underlying reasons are not understood.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted across Singapore by administering questionnaires to TCM-using patients and WM-practising general practitioners (GPs). The questionnaire examined the following themes: (1) demographics and TCM use pattern; (2) respondents’ (patients and GPs) knowledge and beliefs about TCM and the factors influencing the discussion of TCM during the WM consultation; and (3) respondents’ qualitative suggestions to increase disclosure rate.ResultsA total of 484 patients and 334 GPs were surveyed. Factors associated with patients’ initiation of TCM discussion include length of consultation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1; P < 0.001), comfort level in discussing TCM (OR: 1.6; P < 0.001) and belief in importance of discussion (OR: 1.4; P = 0.017). Doctor’s initiation of discussion (74%) was the top patient-ranked factor influencing their discussion of TCM. For doctors, knowledge of TCM indications (OR: 2.2; P < 0.001), belief in importance of discussion (OR: 2.1; P < 0.001) and comfort level in discussing TCM (OR: 1.9; P = 0.001) were associated with their initiation of TCM use discussion. Possible WM-TCM interactions (58%) was the top doctor-ranked factor influencing their discussion of TCM.ConclusionThe discussion of TCM in a WM setting is multifactorial. Interventions include doctors’ active screening for TCM use in patients and equipping doctors with TCM knowledge. Improving communication between patients and doctors is key to avoiding harmful herb-drug interactions.     

中医思维：中医药文化自信的内在逻辑

中医思维传承中国古代哲学的辩证思维传统，以独特的视角、方式和方法研究人类健康、生命及其疾病现象，表现出中华民族特有的原创思维特征。传承中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的历史逻辑，创新中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的理论逻辑，养成中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的实践逻辑。中医药院校必须改革创新培养路径，培养出具有中医思维自觉的“铁杆”中医人才。     

Efectividad de un nuevo modelo de derivación telefónica compartida entre atención primaria y atención hospitalaria

Aim

The purpose of this study is to find out whether telephone referral from Primary Health Care to Internal Medicine Consult manages to reduce waiting days as compared to traditional referral. This study also aims to know how acceptable is the telephone referral to general practitioners and their patients.